Bank of Uganda (BoU) has in the April 2020 Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting reduced the Central Bank Rate (CBR) by 1 percentage point to 8 percent.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a severe contraction in economic activity due to a combination of global supply chain disruptions, travel restrictions, measures to limit contact between persons, and the sudden decline in demand.
Consumer-facing sectors have been severely affected by social distancing measures and heightened uncertainty, while the manufacturing sector has declined on account of disruptions to the inflow of raw materials.
Economic activity in the trade sector has also been weighed down by the decline in external demand and supply chain disruptions, while service sectors such as finance, insurance, and information and communications are affected by the general stall in business activity and investment.
Consequently, the Ugandan economy is projected to slow down drastically in the second half of Financial Year (FY) 2019/20, with GDP growth for the FY projected at 3 – 4 percent.
Downside risks to the economic growth outlook have increased, particularly in the near term and economic activity is projected to remain subdued until the pandemic is contained globally.
Although Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth is projected to gradually recover in the second half of FY2020/21, the emerging output gap is projected to persist until 2022. However, there is significant uncertainty over the depth and duration of the current slowdown.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been reflected in deterioration of global financial conditions and an appreciation of the US dollar against other major currencies, resulting in the volatility in the domestic foreign exchange market.
The Uganda shilling depreciated against the US dollar by 2.2% between February and March 2020. In addition, the propagation of COVID-19 bears severe consequences on Uganda through worsening of external position, due to capital outflows, adverse effects on the flow of international trade, tourism, workers’ remittances, foreign direct investment and loan disbursement, exacerbating exchange rate depreciation pressures.
The March 2020 Consumer Price Index (CPI) data released by Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) indicates that inflation remains relatively subdued. Headline inflation declined to 3% from 3.4% in February 2020, while core inflation declined to 2.5% from 3.1%.
Energy Fuel and Utilities (EFU) inflation declined to 7.7% from 8.0% in February 2020, while food crops inflation increased to 2.5% from 1.3%.
Core inflation is projected to remain below its historical average in the 12 months ahead due to the widening of the output gap. The feeble domestic aggregate demand conditions will lead to disinflationary pressures in the economy, even as the prices of some imported items are likely to increase as a result of supply chain disruptions.
Moreover, external sources of inflation are likely to remain weak in the near-term in the face of the global downturn. Furthermore, the collapse in crude oil prices should work towards easing both EFU and core inflation pressures, depending on the level of the pass-through to retail prices.
Inflation is forecast to be in the range of 2 – 3% in 2020 on the assumption that the COVID-19 pandemic is contained by June 2020 and the economy recovers gradually in the second half of 2020.
Nonetheless, these inflation forecasts are heavily contingent on the path of the exchange rate and the intensity, spread and duration of COVID-19 pandemic.
Given the deterioration in macroeconomic conditions and in order to ensure adequate access to credit and the normal functioning of financial markets, BoU has decided to ease monetary policy.
Consequently, the CBR has been reduced by 1 percentage point to 8%. The band on the CBR will remain at +/-3 percentage points and the margin on the rediscount rate and bank rate will remain at 4 and 5 percentage points on the CBR, respectively.
Consequently, the rediscount rate and the bank rate will be 12% and 13%, respectively.
BoU has also directed Supervised Financial Institutions (SFIs) to defer the payments of all discretionary distributions such as dividends and bonus payments for at least 90 days effective March 2020, depending on the evolution of the pandemic.
This will ensure that SFIs have adequate capital buffers, while supporting the real economy. In addition, BoU will undertake the following:
Provide exceptional liquidity assistance to commercial banks that are in liquidity distress for a period of up to one year.
Provide liquidity to commercial banks for a longer period through issuance of reverse REPOs of up to 60 days at the CBR, with opportunity to roll over.
Purchase Treasury Bonds held by Microfinance Deposit taking Institutions (MDIs) and Credit Institutions (CIs) in order to ease their liquidity distress whenever it arises. MDIs and CIs that do not hold Treasury bills or bonds in their asset holdings will be provided with liquidity secured by their holdings of unencumbered Fixed Deposits or Placements with other SFIs.
Grant exceptional permission to SFIs to restructure loans of corporate and individual customers including a moratorium on loan repayment for borrowers that have been affected by the pandemic, on a case by case basis at the discretion of the SFIs for up to 12 months, effective April 1st, 2020.
BoU will continue to monitor the evolving financial market and macroeconomic conditions and calibrate its operations to meet the need for any additional liquidity support, as may be warranted.
The statement has been signed by Governor Bank of Uganda, Prof Emmanuel Tumusiime-Mutebile.
